Space shuttle Endeavour continued to enjoy a problem-free journey
throught space Saturday on its way to link up with the International
Space Station (ISS),
The shuttle is expected to rendezvous with the station around 0100 GMT on Sunday, 24 hours after takeoff from Cape Canaveral.
Space shuttle Endeavour lifted off late Friday from Kennedy
Space Centre in Cape Canaveral,
Florida for a construction
mission to the International Space Station.
NASA senior managers expressed their satisfaction with space
shuttle Endeavour's successful launch during a briefing after the liftoff.
"It was a great launch and a great team," said
NASA Administrator Michael Griffin.
NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations William
Gerstenmaier talked about the enormous volume of work the Kennedy Space
Center team had to deal
with to get Atlantis rolled back, Endeavour rolled around and readied for
launch, in addition to handling the incoming Ares rocket segments for the
upcoming test flight next year.
Space shuttle Endeavour, commanded by veteran space flier
Navy Capt. Chris Ferguson, 47, is scheduled to arrive at the space station two
days later. The shuttle and station crews will collaborate on the delivery of
key life support and habitability systems that will enable long‐term, self‐sustaining station operations after the shuttle fleet is retired. The
crew will conduct four spacewalks to service and lubricate the complex’s
two Solar Alpha Rotary Joints (SARJ) that allow the station’s photovoltaic
cells to revolve like paddlewheels and point at the sun. The starboard SARJ has
had limited use since September 2007.
The primary goal of the STS-126/ULF2 mission is to provide
additional capability for the International Space Station to house astronauts
and to increase the station crew size from three to the desired six-crew
members by spring 2009. Leonardo, a large cargo container inside Endeavour’s
payload bay, will bring supplies and equipment to the International Space
Station to help prepare the outpost for a six member crew. The supplies include
replacement Trundle Bearing Assemblies (TBAs) for the station’s ailing
Starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ). In all, more than 1,000 items will
be delivered in the Multi‐Purpose
Logistics Module (MPLM). Leonardo is one of three differently named large,
reusable pressurized MPLMs used to ferry cargo back and forth to the station.
Including STS-126, the MPLMs have flown eight times since 2001. Leonardo
was the first MPLM to deliver supplies to the station and STS-126 is its fifth
flight. The cylindrical modules include components that provide life support,
fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computers when
attached to the station.
The Italian-built, U.S.-owned logistics modules are capable
of carrying more than 7.5 tons (15,000 pounds) of cargo, spares and supplies,
the equivalent of a semi-truck trailer. The modules bring equipment to and from
the space station, such as container racks with science equipment, science
experiments from NASA and its international partners, spare parts, and other
hardware items for return, such as completed experiments, system racks, space
station hardware that needs repair and refuse. Some of the items are intended
for disposal on Earth, while others are for analysis and data collection by
hardware providers and scientists.
In addition to Leonardo, Endeavour will carry the
Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure Carrier and a spare Flex
Hose Rotary Coupler Unit (FHRC) for a future replacement spare. The shuttle
will return a depleted Nitrogen Tank Assembly (NTA), which will be refilled and
sent back to the station in 2010. The FHRC provides two isolated paths for
distribution of ammonia between the space station radiators and the rest of the
staton. The NTA provides a high-pressure gaseous nitrogen supply to control the
flow of ammonia out of the Ammonia Tank Assembly (ATA). Carrying 16 system and
cargo racks, Leonardo will fly with modifications that will allow 12 additional
cargo bags the size of carry-on suitcases to be flown inside the module’s rear
end cone.
Leonardo will carry two crew quarters racks that will be
installed inside the Harmony node, an advanced Resistive Exercise Device,
designated aRED, two Water Reclamation Racks that will recycle urine into
potable water, a Combustion Integration Rack that will analyze the physics of
combustible gases, a Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC) rack including a
toilet, a galley that will be located in the U.S. Destiny laboratory, three
Zero-Gravity storage racks for stowage of large quantities of hardware, four
handrail extender assemblies to increase crew members’ mobility as they float
about the station, an antimicrobial applicator to remove bacteria from cooling
and fluid lines, and two additional foot restraints to elevate shorter crew
members.
Also included in Leonardo is the General Laboratory Active
Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator, or GLACIER, a double locker cryogenic
freezer for transporting and preserving science experiments that will remain in
orbit at the end of the mission. The freezer provides thermal control between
+4° Celsius and ‐160° Celsius and can operate in both the
space shuttle’s middeck and the EXPRESS Rack in orbit. The EXPRESS Rack
system supports science payloads in several disciplines, such as biology,
chemistry, physics, ecology and medicine, including commercial activities.
In the active mode, GLACIER can be transported in the
mid-deck, but for passive transport, it is flown in the logistics module.
Additionally, an incubator/refrigerator, the Microgravity Experiment Research
Locker Incubator, or MERLIN, will fly in the MPLM. Though originally used for
thermal control of scientific experiments, it will remain on the outpost and be
used to store drinking beverages and food for a six‐member station crew.
Leonardo is named after the Italian inventor and scientist
Leonardo da Vinci. The two other modules are named Raffaello, after master
painter and architect Raffaello Sanzio, and Donatello, for one of the founders
of modern sculpture, Donato di Niccolo Di Betto Bardi. Raffaello has flown
three times.
Leonardo has flown the most because it is equipped with
programmable heater thermostats on the outside of the module that allow for
more mission flexibility. There are only two more MPLM flights scheduled before
the station is complete and the space shuttle retires in 2010.
Just before launch there was some concern about a door on
the launch platform that had not been properly secured, but NASA determined
that it was safe to go ahead because it posed no danger to the shuttle, launch
director Mike Leinbach said in a press conference after take-off.
"It's our turn to take home improvement to a whole new
level after 10 years of International Space Station construction,"
Commander Chris Ferguson said just before launch.
NASA administrator Mike Griffin said after launch that the
system to recycle urine is critical to the planned expansion of ISS crews from
three members to six, since it will lessen reliance on deliveries of supplies
from Earth.
Astronauts will take water samples for 90 days before
drinking from the system to be sure that it works properly and removes all
contaminants, he said.
Endeavour astronaut Sandra Magnus will stay behind as a
member of the ISS crew, and Greg Chamitoff will return to Earth with the seven-
member crew after more than five months in space.