Endeavour Closes In On ISS After Successful Night Launch

By John Wolper
12:38, November 15th 2008
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Endeavour Closes In On ISS After Successful Night Launch

Space shuttle Endeavour continued to enjoy a problem-free journey throught space Saturday on its way to link up with the International Space Station (ISS),

The shuttle is expected to rendezvous with the station around 0100 GMT on Sunday, 24 hours after takeoff from Cape Canaveral.

Space shuttle Endeavour lifted off late Friday from Kennedy Space Centre in Cape Canaveral, Florida for a construction mission to the International Space Station.

NASA senior managers expressed their satisfaction with space shuttle Endeavour's successful launch during a briefing after the liftoff.

"It was a great launch and a great team," said NASA Administrator Michael Griffin.

NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations William Gerstenmaier talked about the enormous volume of work the Kennedy Space Center team had to deal with to get Atlantis rolled back, Endeavour rolled around and readied for launch, in addition to handling the incoming Ares rocket segments for the upcoming test flight next year.

Space shuttle Endeavour, commanded by veteran space flier Navy Capt. Chris Ferguson, 47, is scheduled to arrive at the space station two days later. The shuttle and station crews will collaborate on the delivery of key life support and habitability systems that will enable longterm, selfsustaining station operations after the shuttle fleet is retired. The crew will conduct four spacewalks to service and lubricate the complex’s two Solar Alpha Rotary Joints (SARJ) that allow the station’s photovoltaic cells to revolve like paddlewheels and point at the sun. The starboard SARJ has had limited use since September 2007.

The primary goal of the STS-126/ULF2 mission is to provide additional capability for the International Space Station to house astronauts and to increase the station crew size from three to the desired six-crew members by spring 2009. Leonardo, a large cargo container inside Endeavour’s payload bay, will bring supplies and equipment to the International Space Station to help prepare the outpost for a six member crew. The supplies include replacement Trundle Bearing Assemblies (TBAs) for the station’s ailing Starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ). In all, more than 1,000 items will be delivered in the MultiPurpose Logistics Module (MPLM). Leonardo is one of three differently named large, reusable pressurized MPLMs used to ferry cargo back and forth to the station. Including STS-126, the MPLMs have flown eight times since 2001. Leonardo was the first MPLM to deliver supplies to the station and STS-126 is its fifth flight. The cylindrical modules include components that provide life support, fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computers when attached to the station.

The Italian-built, U.S.-owned logistics modules are capable of carrying more than 7.5 tons (15,000 pounds) of cargo, spares and supplies, the equivalent of a semi-truck trailer. The modules bring equipment to and from the space station, such as container racks with science equipment, science experiments from NASA and its international partners, spare parts, and other hardware items for return, such as completed experiments, system racks, space station hardware that needs repair and refuse. Some of the items are intended for disposal on Earth, while others are for analysis and data collection by hardware providers and scientists.

In addition to Leonardo, Endeavour will carry the Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure Carrier and a spare Flex Hose Rotary Coupler Unit (FHRC) for a future replacement spare. The shuttle will return a depleted Nitrogen Tank Assembly (NTA), which will be refilled and sent back to the station in 2010. The FHRC provides two isolated paths for distribution of ammonia between the space station radiators and the rest of the staton. The NTA provides a high-pressure gaseous nitrogen supply to control the flow of ammonia out of the Ammonia Tank Assembly (ATA). Carrying 16 system and cargo racks, Leonardo will fly with modifications that will allow 12 additional cargo bags the size of carry-on suitcases to be flown inside the module’s rear end cone.

Leonardo will carry two crew quarters racks that will be installed inside the Harmony node, an advanced Resistive Exercise Device, designated aRED, two Water Reclamation Racks that will recycle urine into potable water, a Combustion Integration Rack that will analyze the physics of combustible gases, a Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC) rack including a toilet, a galley that will be located in the U.S. Destiny laboratory, three Zero-Gravity storage racks for stowage of large quantities of hardware, four handrail extender assemblies to increase crew members’ mobility as they float about the station, an antimicrobial applicator to remove bacteria from cooling and fluid lines, and two additional foot restraints to elevate shorter crew members.

Also included in Leonardo is the General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator, or GLACIER, a double locker cryogenic freezer for transporting and preserving science experiments that will remain in orbit at the end of the mission. The freezer provides thermal control between +4° Celsius and 160° Celsius and can operate in both the space shuttle’s middeck and the EXPRESS Rack in orbit. The EXPRESS Rack system supports science payloads in several disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, physics, ecology and medicine, including commercial activities.

In the active mode, GLACIER can be transported in the mid-deck, but for passive transport, it is flown in the logistics module. Additionally, an incubator/refrigerator, the Microgravity Experiment Research Locker Incubator, or MERLIN, will fly in the MPLM. Though originally used for thermal control of scientific experiments, it will remain on the outpost and be used to store drinking beverages and food for a sixmember station crew.

Leonardo is named after the Italian inventor and scientist Leonardo da Vinci. The two other modules are named Raffaello, after master painter and architect Raffaello Sanzio, and Donatello, for one of the founders of modern sculpture, Donato di Niccolo Di Betto Bardi. Raffaello has flown three times.

Leonardo has flown the most because it is equipped with programmable heater thermostats on the outside of the module that allow for more mission flexibility. There are only two more MPLM flights scheduled before the station is complete and the space shuttle retires in 2010.

Just before launch there was some concern about a door on the launch platform that had not been properly secured, but NASA determined that it was safe to go ahead because it posed no danger to the shuttle, launch director Mike Leinbach said in a press conference after take-off.

"It's our turn to take home improvement to a whole new level after 10 years of International Space Station construction," Commander Chris Ferguson said just before launch.

NASA administrator Mike Griffin said after launch that the system to recycle urine is critical to the planned expansion of ISS crews from three members to six, since it will lessen reliance on deliveries of supplies from Earth.

Astronauts will take water samples for 90 days before drinking from the system to be sure that it works properly and removes all contaminants, he said.

Endeavour astronaut Sandra Magnus will stay behind as a member of the ISS crew, and Greg Chamitoff will return to Earth with the seven- member crew after more than five months in space.



Image Credit: NASA
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